Most jurisdictions have established laws to protect animals, often centered on the "Five Freedoms" or similar duty-of-care requirements:
In the quiet moments of a suburban morning, a dog wags its tail, awaiting breakfast. In a vast, windowless shed hundreds of miles away, a sow lies confined in a gestation crate so small she cannot turn around. At a research laboratory, a primate presses a lever for a food pellet, its eyes reflecting an intelligence that the experiment is designed to measure. These three scenes—companionship, production, and science—encapsulate the fractured and complex relationship between humans and the estimated 8.7 million other species with whom we share the planet. Most jurisdictions have established laws to protect animals,
The key figure here is philosopher . In his seminal 1983 work, The Case for Animal Rights , Regan argued that if humans have moral rights because they are "subjects-of-a-life" (with beliefs, desires, memory, and a sense of a future), then many animals share these same characteristics. Therefore, they possess the same fundamental right to respectful treatment, including the right not to be used as a means to an end . Therefore, they possess the same fundamental right to
Explicitly recognizes animals as "sentient beings" and mandates member states to pay full regard to their welfare requirements in policy. Animal Welfare Amendment Act (2015) These three scenes—companionship